Anna Akerman Berman, PhD, associate professor of communications and a social psychologist who specializes in child development, is taking a stand against a global media machine that’s designed to keep us hooked on content. Once a media consultant for the likes of Nickelodeon, MTV, Scholastic and Disney, Dr. Akerman Berman now uses her insider knowledge to help parents wean their children off of screens.

Peggy Cassidy, PhD, professor of communications and an expert in the history of children’s interactions with media, is looking to the past to understand our potential digital future. Dr. Cassidy has published at length on the evolution of American media environments. Her tips for a healthy media diet take their cues from 200 years of history: how generations of parents and children have adapted to the disruptive effects of new forms of media.

From attention-grabbing TV to attention-proofing phones

After earning her PhD, Dr. Akerman Berman applied the scientific theories she’d studied in school as an audience researcher for Sesame Workshop and Noggin. She analyzed children’s “eyes on screen”—when they were paying attention to the screen, when they were bored enough to look away—and worked with creative teams to modify programming accordingly. “Before I started working for these companies, I hadn’t realized the extent to which psychology was being used to create content,” she said.

Dr. Akerman Berman went on to provide consulting services to executives at some of the world’s top media and entertainment brands. “The question we always returned to was: How can we keep kids watching?”

Today, she’s determined to keep children’s eyes off of screens. Why? There’s nothing wrong with scrolling for 10 minutes to decompress, she says. The problem is, 10 minutes often turns into several hours. That’s by design. “These algorithms are using more data points than we could ever imagine. They’re catered specifically to individual interests, and they reward scrolling behaviors in a very precise, individualized way.”

The science behind our scrolling addiction

According to Dr. Akerman Berman, scrolling seems to satiate our most basic human needs: competence, connection and autonomy. In a world where it’s all too easy to feel disconnected and disempowered, scrolling can generate instant satisfaction. But, Dr. Akerman Berman says, the feeling is “brief and disingenuous,” nothing like the satisfaction that comes from real-life experiences.

People trying to meet their basic needs—particularly children and adolescents—are easy targets for big business. They always have been. The tactics that tech companies use to keep us scrolling, Dr. Akerman Berman argues, are not so different from the manipulative marketing campaigns run by tobacco companies throughout the 20th century. However, it’s been proven that young people are less likely to use tobacco once they’ve been exposed to the tobacco industry’s manipulations. Dr. Akerman Berman is confident we can apply the same logic to social media addiction.

Education is the best weapon against “brain rot”

“The first step,” Dr. Akerman Berman said, “is educating our kids and ourselves. The second is becoming aware of our behaviors.” People of all ages should start collecting data of their own: logging their screen time and noticing how they feel before and after scrolling. Armed with this “metacognitive awareness,” they might begin to turn to other activities instead of opening TikTok or Instagram.

But going from 100 to zero won’t happen overnight, Dr. Akerman Berman stresses. “Our nervous system has learned that discomfort equals phone. In moments of stress, we will fall back on this habit. Still, we absolutely can re-habituate ourselves to a new normal where we’re replacing scrolling with taking a walk or listening to music.”

The “grasshopper mind” of the endless scroller

Dr. Cassidy sees scrolling as a cultural practice—and a cultural problem. As a media ecologist, she’s more interested in media’s form rather than its content. While we should be thinking critically about the content we’re consuming online, we also need to consider the “ways of thinking, knowing and interacting” that are encouraged or discouraged by scrolling. She cites a concept coined by scholar Maryanne Wolf, EdD, called “grasshopper mind,” or “the impulse to just scroll away, to jump from one thing to another as soon as things get boring or hard or confusing.”

That impulse could very well erode the foundations of our society. If we disengage as soon as we’re faced with something we don’t understand, what will happen to our interpersonal relationships, our cultural norms, our politics? Dr. Cassidy believes the cracks are already visible. “We as citizens are not engaging deeply with ideas,” she said. “We tend to have superficial emotional responses to political messaging, which has contributed to this intense polarization we see today. We don’t stick around long enough to hear someone’s full perspective.”

New media fears have old precedents

For Dr. Cassidy, the fears around social media addiction and scroll culture are well founded. But they’re nothing new. In her book (Routledge, 2017), she charts 200 years of panicked reactions to emerging media environments, from 19th century dime novels and nickelodeons to rock ’n’ roll and TV.

“As a media historian, I resist the temptation to use the word unprecedented,” Dr. Cassidy said. In fact, she even takes a “certain comfort in knowing we’re not that unique. Our species has been here a long time, and other changes in media have disrupted us, upset us, required us to adapt.”

At the same time, historical precedent shouldn’t become its own deterministic force. “Just because adults were afraid of dime novels in the 1800s and it all worked out okay doesn’t mean we don’t need to worry about social media and smartphones. Throughout history, there have been missed opportunities for citizens to organize themselves around resisting the direction that certain technologies are taking us.” In other words, to create the future we want to see for ourselves and our children, we have to act now.

The secrets of a healthy media diet

Like Dr. Akerman Berman, Dr. Cassidy prescribes moderation—and an open mind—to adults and adolescents alike. “I would encourage people, especially parents, to take a breath and not throw the baby out with the bathwater,” she said. “Yes, so much of what our children are consuming is not developmentally appropriate. But we should stay open to wondering about what’s captured their attention.”

In social media, young people are finding benefits that prior forms of media never enabled. Adolescents who feel alienated in their immediate communities, for instance, can reach out to allies halfway across the world with the press of a button. These connections may be mediated by technology, but they’re indisputably human.

Scrolling addicts may be able to rewire their psychic habits by leaning into that innate human-ness, too. “We have to learn to stay with hard things, to struggle, to make mistakes,” Dr. Cassidy said. “That’s the only way we’ll get better.”

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If you’ve answered yes to any, you might be in a parasocial relationship, according to Julianna Nails, a PhD student in clinical psychology at the �����ƽ�� Gordon F. Derner School of Psychology.

For the past several years, Nails has been studying the rise of parasocial relationships—or one-sided emotional connections between fans and public figures—in the age of social media. She wants to know what kinds of people are seeking out parasocial relationships with social media influencers, and what effects, if any, these relationships are having on their mental health.

At first glance, a parasocial relationship with an influencer might seem like a silver bullet for isolated young adults—a population wracked by a so-called global “loneliness epidemic.” Attachments to influencers allow feelings of intimacy to be accessed anytime, anywhere, with no risk of rejection. Nails was curious to learn more about the psychological consequences of these relationships. Can they really relieve loneliness? Or do they ultimately replace in-person connections and push people to isolate?

A Student-Faculty Collaboration That’s Breaking New Ground

As an undergraduate, Nails researched the decline of college students’ mental health since the 1980s. “Today, college students are significantly more anxious and depressed than they were a generation ago,” she said, “and I suspected social media had something to do with that.” That hunch became a full-fledged research project once she entered �����ƽ��’s PhD program and found a faculty mentor in Katherine L. Fiori, PhD, professor and associate dean at the Derner School.

For Dr. Fiori, a developmental psychologist who studies interpersonal relationships and attachments, parasocial relationships were a promising line of scholarly inquiry. When she was introduced to Nails through Derner’s research mentor matching process, she had already been thinking about today’s “phone-based childhoods,” which have supplanted the “play-based childhoods” of yesteryear. If children now grow up with ubiquitous access to social media platforms, she wondered, are they more likely to form unhealthy attachments with the people on platforms? Parasociality offered a compelling entry into further exploration.

While looking into the literature, Nails and Dr. Fiori discovered a gap: parasocial relationships specifically with social media influencers. “It’s such a big part of young people’s online experience today,” Nails said, “but it’s something that hadn’t been studied in depth before.”

Their work has been more collaborative than the student-faculty dynamic might connote. “I’ve really enjoyed working together,” Nails said. “This is a newer interest for Dr. Fiori, so while she’s able to give me a lot of guidance, we’re still brainstorming together. I’m not necessarily being directed by an authority.” Dr. Fiori agrees, saying she often feels like she’s “speaking with a colleague.”

Surveying Where, Why and How Parasocial Relationships Are Formed

Since beginning her doctoral training in 2024, Nails has developed several different research projects to answer her research questions. Most recently, she presented her findings at �����ƽ��’s Scholarship and Creative Works Conference and the International Association for Relationship Research’s annual conference in Scotland.

For her master’s thesis, Nails created a research survey for people between the ages of 18 and 29 who follow influencers on any platform. Survey participants were asked about their connection with their favorite influencer—in particular, whether their opinions and values align with the influencer’s—as well as their other social relationships, social media usage and emotional well-being.

Nails and Dr. Fiori are still sifting through data from the survey, but they’ve already identified several trends. “There are a lot of ways in which people are ‘using’ influencers,” Dr. Fiori noted. For some, “fun” or “entertainment” was the draw. Others admitted they were finding real social support from their favorite influencer.

Though influencers create content about everything from politics to tech gadgets, travel and fitness, the most popular content niche among survey respondents was “day in my life.” In these videos, an influencer takes the audience through a regular day, often beginning with a morning routine and their OOTD (outfit of the day), then interpolating clips of meals, exercise, work, errands and socializing over a voiceover narration. The content is frothy, but the audience appeal is, inexplicably, enormous. “We’re working on figuring that one out,” Nails said. “Are ‘day in my life’ videos providing pure entertainment value? Are they aspirational? Or are people feeling an emotional connection there?”

The Parasocial Paradox

At first, Nails hypothesized that parasocial relationships would reduce feelings of loneliness. As more survey data came in, however, she saw evidence of the opposite: Young people who form parasocial relationships are actually lonelier than those who don’t. Still, like many hypotheses in psychology research, this one is still correlational, not causal. In other words, Nails and Dr. Fiori don’t yet know if parasociality is making people lonely, or if lonely people are simply more likely to pursue parasocial relationships.

“We know what the intention is,” Dr. Fiori said. “People seek out relationships because they want to feel less lonely. But the brain isn’t equipped to think about parasocial relationships as different from in-person relationships, even though they are.” She’s hesitant to believe that parasocial relationships can have the same benefits, although the reality is, she says, a little more complicated. “Some young people with supportive friends and family will use influencers for extra support. Some don’t, and these relationships are all they have. That drives very different outcomes.”

Only further research will tell if parasocial relationships really do cause loneliness. As Nails embarks on work for her doctoral dissertation, she’s hoping to discover evidence of causality between parasociality and negative mental health outcomes, such as anxiety and depression, among young people.

“Everything in Moderation”

For now, Nails doesn’t necessarily recommend doing a digital detox if you think you’ve formed a parasocial relationship with an influencer. Instead, she says, focus on the reciprocal relationships in your life—your networks through work, school or hobbies, the friends and family you talk to every day—and you might see that obsessive, one-directional attachment fade to casual interest. “So far, our greatest takeaway has been ‘everything in moderation.’”

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Yet there’s plenty of evidence that AI use weakens students’ critical thinking and research skills. Many educators believe that AI also dilutes human connection and the value of in-person learning, which has only just been revived post COVID-19.

So what’s the solution?

A Handbook for “Healthy Skeptics”

According to learning sciences faculty in the �����ƽ�� Ruth S. Ammon College of Education and Health Sciences, there’s no one right answer.

“The most empowering thing we can do for educators right now is help them see that they don’t have to demonize or fetishize AI,” said Elizabeth de Freitas, PhD, professor of learning sciences. But educators should also slow down and reflect. “Rather than simply leaping to a particular use of AI, we have to spend more time understanding the nature of the specific models we are using and how these come to us historically.”

Dr. de Freitas and her �����ƽ�� colleague Matthew Curinga, EdD, associate professor of learning sciences, co-edited (University of Minnesota Press, 2026), a new collection of 27 essays exploring links between machine learning and culture from scholars in media studies, philosophy, computer science, math, linguistics and education. The book serves as an interdisciplinary guide for educators trying to make sense of how human learning, and learning more generally, is being newly reconceived by AI.

“There’s a lot of polarization in the AI conversation. You’re either for or against it,” Dr. Curinga said. “But the book is not ‘do this, don’t do that.’ We’re providing the nuance that educators need to evaluate AI for themselves, to develop their own theories and philosophies, to become healthy skeptics of technology.”

Beyond the Hype and the Headlines

For Dr. de Freitas, current large language models (LLMs) are another mode of language production and can be studied for how they develop fluency. Much like a human journalist might speak to sources and then draft a story, AI collects data from the internet and then generates hypothetical claims. And, much like a human journalist, AI models will exhibit bias and specific perspectives. It’s not a truth teller or sage, she says, nor is it a “black box”—a phenomenon that’s beyond the ken of anyone but computer scientists. “The 27 essays in the book help readers understand the history of these models, as part of the history of computing more generally, and that’s empowering: “Educators can help to demystify AI by understanding this history.”

AI isn’t all-powerful, either. “We can’t just read the headlines that tell us AI will replace a million jobs by 2050 and shrug our shoulders,” Dr. Curinga said. He and Dr. de Freitas reject the concept of technological determinism, in which AI is an inevitable force driving its own future, impervious to human intervention. Instead, their work equips educators with the agency to keep learning firmly human-driven, even when it involves machines.

Research That Resists Easy Answers

Other learning sciences faculty are resisting the good-bad binary in their research and teaching.

Aaron Chia Yuan Hung, EdD, associate professor of education, who’s in the early stages of research on generative AI and learning, said his interest is “less on whether generative AI helps or hurts, but what kind of pedagogy has to be in place for it to help a specific group of learners.”

“So far, research on AI and learning has been inconclusive. Dr. Hung notes that: “There’s compelling evidence that heavy reliance on large language models carries a real cognitive cost.” But other studies have shown positive results: an increase in creativity when brainstorming, an AI-powered tutor that’s engaging students more deeply than active instruction. “Put together, these studies suggest that GenAI used as a substitute for effort has real costs, and that GenAI used as a well-designed instructional or creative tool can offer meaningful support.” What a user is actually asking the tool to do, Dr. Hung says, is likely the most important variable.

Tracy Hogan, PhD, professor of learning sciences, is intrigued by the gendered dimensions of AI technology. Her research investigates the relationship between a user’s background and how they interact with chatbots—specifically, if users with computer science experience are representing chatbots through a neutral gender lens, while less well-informed users are representing their bots through a specific gender identity. She’s brought these ideas into her Critical Literacy in Mathematics and Science Education class, where she works with students to explore inherent biases in AI input and output.

Training Tomorrow’s Educators for the AI Classroom

Whether producing their own research or referring to others’, �����ƽ�� faculty are applying evidence-based teaching methods in their classes, preparing a generation of educators to adapt to an ever-evolving AI landscape.

In the University’s Manhattan Center, students in the PhD in Learning Sciences program engage in complex machine learning scenarios in both the classroom and the center’s STEAM Innovation Lab. Though the STEAM lab is largely analog, Dr. Hogan encourages her students to play around with AI tools when designing and coding projects. Most of what these tools generate is incorrect or incomplete, so students are forced to draw on their own knowledge to critically examine AI’s output—a process that, in the end, reflects the STEAM program’s commitment to learning by experience and experimentation.

In Dr. Hung’s classroom, students are invited to cast light on the “black box” of AI. Many of his students don’t actually know how it works, even though they use it regularly. For Dr. Hung, explaining the basics to students—“why GenAI responses aren’t like a search engine’s, why it’s prone to hallucination, why it’s suited to some tasks and not others, why it almost never says it doesn’t have an answer”—is easy enough. The real challenge, for him and other educators, is keeping up with the pace of innovation. “More than once in my first semester teaching this class, a model we’d just discussed got a significant update midsemester that changed the conversation,” he said.

Although AI tools are imperfect, �����ƽ�� learning sciences faculty aren’t opting out altogether. There’s much good that can be done with these tools, they believe, if applied rigorously and ethically. Most importantly, today’s students must be ready to lead the classrooms of tomorrow.

As Dr. Hung puts it, “Our students’ future students won’t opt out of AI, and more workplaces will expect graduates to arrive with some baseline AI literacy. The risks are real enough to design around carefully, but the technology isn’t going anywhere, so pretending otherwise doesn’t serve our students.”

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Research is a foundation of the undergraduate experience at �����ƽ��. It is promoted by the University’s SPARK Center and Innovation Center, the annual Scholarship and Creative Works Conference (known as Research Day) as well as numerous summer internship programs. To further facilitate research, �����ƽ�� has also developed partnerships with businesses and organizations that offer research opportunities and internships at various facilities, allowing students to advance their skills, discover potential careers and enhance their résumés.

One of �����ƽ��’s premier partners is . Located on Long Island, Brookhaven’s 5,300-acre campus contains several large facilities devoted to research in nuclear and high-energy physics, environmental and bioscience, and energy science and technology. The lab has racked up numerous achievements over the years, including seven Nobel Prize-winning discoveries and 37 R&D 100 Awards.

As a science partner of the University, Brookhaven has welcomed many �����ƽ�� students as interns over the years. This summer, two �����ƽ�� physics majors—current seniors Michael Ishal and Carolina Guekjian—earned internships to conduct scientific research there. Both explored new frontiers in imaging.

Doing Research in AI and Computational Imaging

Michael Ishal, who is majoring in physics, still remembers what drew him to �����ƽ��. “There was a day dedicated to students who were considering �����ƽ�� physics, where we could talk with physics professors and learn from them,” he recalled. “Additionally, we were able to sit in on classes as well. The physics professors were full of energy, and they were truly excited to teach. They encouraged curiosity and challenged students to think critically.”

One of those professors was Kevin Liang, PhD, an associate professor in the department, who had been discussing a concept that day known as Rayleigh’s criterion. Little did Ishal know, three years into his �����ƽ�� career, he and Dr. Liang would work together on research related to Rayleigh’s criterion and would prepare a publication based on that very research.

Ishal tackled other research opportunities at Brookhaven National Laboratory when he enrolled last academic year in a (WDSE) mini-semester program. There, he and his fellow students toured the scientific facilities and observed research projects while interacting with world-class scientists and engineers. One of those research projects, conducted by David Park, PhD, attracted Ishal’s interest. “After asking him if he was accepting interns, Dr. Park asked me to check out some of his publications,” he explained, “and then send him an email discussing my research more in depth.” Ishal sent an email that night. The day after, when the mini-semester ended, Ishal received an internship offer .

Ishal’s internship experience was related to research he had done at �����ƽ�� on flaws in lenses or mirrors that distort images, also known as optical aberrations. Working in Brookhaven’s Computing and Data Sciences department, he focused on AI and computational imaging, testing neural network-based methods to detect whether images are degraded by optical aberrations. Dr. Park assisted him in this research, serving as his mentor.

“The experience taught me the importance of both collaboration and independence, expanding your domain of knowledge through literature searches, and how research can lead to valuable, unexpected results,” Ishal said. “Working with talented researchers strengthened my skills in machine learning, data analysis and AI research, which gave me a strong foundation as I continue my education and pursue future career opportunities.”

Doing Research That May Help Transform Medicine

Heading into college, Carolina Guekjian knew that she wanted to major in physics. “I saw all the possibilities of how physics can make incredible impacts on our future,” she said. “I wanted to be one of the ones that contribute to it.” The challenge now was figuring out where to pursue this field of study. “I spoke to previous �����ƽ�� students who praised the professors and how they truly care about their students,” Guekjian said. “As I toured the physics department, I learned about all the interesting things that I would be learning.”

As a physics major, Guekjian has been involved in academic research since her first year. She worked closely with Sean Bentley, PhD, an associate professor in the department, researching a strange physical phenomenon known as quantum entanglement. She later had the opportunity to tour Brookhaven, where she learned about the lab’s research in that area. Intrigued, Guekjian decided to pursue an internship opportunity related to that research. She was accepted.

As an intern, Guekjian was able to observe experiments in quantum entanglement conducted through the , which allows researchers to study materials with nanoscale resolution. She also had the opportunity to see the inside of the detectors used at the , as Brookhaven began dismantling equipment and preparing for the transition to the .

Guekjian also, of course, continued her own research at Brookhaven, investigating quantum entanglement’s ability to produce images at a spectacularly high level of resolution. The technology has the potential to transform medical imaging, enabling it to discover diseases at their earliest stages.

Her research has been going well—so well, in fact, that she was offered the opportunity to extend her internship into the school year and continue her work at Brookhaven.

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According to Anagnostis P. Agelarakis, PhD, a professor in the �����ƽ�� Department of History, “These are not ancient questions. They are human questions.”

When director Christopher Nolan set his lens on Homer’s The Odyssey, he both created a spectacle around a story about the human condition and reignited a conversation about epic storytelling.

“What Nolan accomplishes is extraordinary,” says Dr. Agelarakis, who teaches in �����ƽ��’s College of Arts and Sciences. “He returned Homer’s voice to the center of the public conversation. Millions of people who may have never opened The Odyssey are suddenly engaging with questions that have endured for nearly 3,000 years. In my opinion, that is the greatest success of the film.”

Professor Agelarakis and his team’s facial reconstruction of the High Priestess of Dorian Eleutherna. The Dorian Greeks settled Crete following the destruction of the Minoan-Mycenaean palaces by the Sea Peoples, an upheaval referenced by Odysseus in the film.

A More Human Perspective on The Odyssey

As a bioarchaeologist and physical anthropologist who has led field research across the Mediterranean for more than three decades, Dr. Agelarakis has a distinct point of view when it comes to the film. Where others might focus on the mythic heroism, he’s zoned in on the reality of the ancient time period.

“For decades I have studied the skeletal remains of ancient men and women, soldiers and civilians, priests and children. I have examined the evidence left by warfare, disease, healing, ritual and everyday life in the ancient Mediterranean.

“When I watch Odysseus returning from Troy, I do not simply see a legendary hero. I see a man burdened by war. I see someone struggling with loss, responsibility, memory, leadership and the consequences of victory.”

In his research examining human skeletal remains from the Bronze and Iron Ages, Dr. Agelarakis analyzes evidence of traumatic injury, field surgery and physical stress. He notes that Nolan’s depiction captures the raw impact of war on both body and psyche.

“The film grounds Odysseus as a thinking human being dealing with the trauma, guilt and real consequences of war.”

Lessons of War in The Odyssey

He also notes about the film, “I was reminded that the ancient Greeks understood victory in a remarkably sophisticated way. The fall of Troy represents military success. Yet it also unleashes suffering. Odysseus spends years wandering before finally reaching home. The victorious warrior discovers that winning a war does not necessarily restore peace.”

“That insight is profoundly modern,” he explains.

“One of the film’s most important messages is its implicit warning about war itself. Odysseus comes to recognize that violence rarely ends where it begins. The destruction of Troy does not conclude the story. It begins another one. Every generation should remember that lesson.”

An Epic Story, Told Through Cinema

Beyond the history, Dr. Agelarakis highlights the unique power of film as a visual and immersive medium. Nolan’s narrative choices—such as explicitly showing the claustrophobia inside the Trojan Horse or jumping across time periods—help bring to life the epic storytelling for modern viewers.

“Cinematography provides a kinesiology—a sense of motion and physical reality—that isn’t always fully captured when simply reading the text,” says Dr. Agelarakis. “It provides a visual hook that invites viewers to ask deeper historical questions: How did these people actually live? How did they move, fight and survive?”

Professor Agelarakis (left) and colleague Dr. Nicholas Stampolidis, Director of the Acropolis Museum, examining artifacts from the Homeric era at the Museum of Ancient Eleutherna, Greece.

The Film’s Role in Classroom Discussions

At �����ƽ��, Dr. Agelarakis plans on using the film’s momentum as an educational tool. In his course Theogony, Myth and Ritual, which he will teach this upcoming fall in an Honors College seminar, the movie will act as a springboard for students to critically think by debating primary source texts and cross-examining interpretations.

Rather than viewing cinematic adaptation as a replacement for reading, Dr. Agelarakis sees film as an entry point that prompts students to seek out original sources. The broader impact is clear; sales of Homer’s Odyssey surged by 76 percent in the United States, year over year.

Ultimately, the discourse surrounding Nolan’s adaptation of The Odyssey proves that classical studies remain valuable in understanding modern life. By confronting timeless questions of power, responsibility, ethics and human mortality, students can use the film to learn how to evaluate media critically.

“When you have multiple voices from students discussing this, we gain deeper understanding,” says Dr. Agelarakis. “It encourages students to open the book, read the primary source and use their own minds as independent thinkers.”

“Many students today encounter Greek civilization only through fragments. They know isolated myths or famous quotations, but rarely experience the epic narratives that shaped Western civilization. Nolan’s film may encourage many of them to discover Homer for themselves.”

“This is an incredible advertisement for classical education, and also for the real protagonist of this film—Homer.”

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Building on the milestone achievement of training more than one million coaches in youth development and mental health practices, the EEC cohort focuses on what comes next: strengthening the systems, structures and supports that make quality coaching accessible to all young people.

As part of the partnership, �����ƽ�� will receive $250,000 to support the University’s mental health guidelines project led by Meredith Whitley, PhD, professor of health and sport sciences, a leading scholar in sport for development, which intentionally uses physical activity, play and structured sports as a vehicle to drive social change, peace building and community development.

“To combat the escalating youth mental health crisis, this project establishes a pathway to transform a fragmented, high-pressure sports ecosystem into a psychologically safe environment by equipping adult leaders with actionable, evidence-based guidance,” said Dr. Whitley. “We are deeply grateful for the continued support of , and we are thrilled to be an inaugural partner in the Million Coaches Challenge Empower Every Coach cohort. Joining this national cohort of 10 organizations allows us to collectively advance systems-level change in youth sports through policy, research, narrative change and organizational practice.”

In addition to �����ƽ��, the 2026 Empower Every Coach Learning Community includes the following partners and projects: The Ad Council, Center for Healing and Justice through Sport, FundPlay Foundation, National Recreation and Park Association (NRPA), The Sport Industry Research Center at Temple University, LiFEsports at The Ohio State University and the Ohio High School Athletic Association, Positive Coaching Alliance, United States Soccer Federation, and University of Washington Center for Leadership in Athletics (UW CLA) and National Federation of State High School Associations (NFHS).

Facilitated by Aspen Institute’s Project Play, partners will collaborate over the next 18 months through quarterly convening, shared learning opportunities and collective problem-solving designed to accelerate systems-level impact across the youth sports ecosystem.

About Million Coaches Challenge

The is a national initiative launched by the Susan Crown Exchange in 2021 to transform youth sports by training coaches in evidence-based youth development practices. Backed by leading organizations across sports, research and youth development, MCC works to equip coaches with the tools to create positive, inclusive environments where young people can thrive on and off the field.

About Susan Crown Exchange

is a grant-making foundation with a mission to prepare youth to thrive in a rapidly changing world. SCE supports organizations that promote social and emotional learning and youth well-being, explore the relationship between technology and society, and build critical life skills through youth sports.

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The residency of Dr. Banerjee, a distinguished management scholar and experienced academic leader, was sponsored by and affiliated with the prestigious Levermore Global Scholars program—a program for students interested in global study and leadership.

A Historic First for �����ƽ��

The opportunity to become a Fulbright Fellow was brought to Dr. Banerjee by Hanna Kim, PhD, professor and chair of the �����ƽ�� Department of Anthropology and co-director of the Museum Studies Program. While honored, he initially hesitated due to his commitments at Ashoka University, where he was overseeing the commissioning of a new management school. “I wasn’t sure if I could get away for a whole semester,” he explained.

With strong support from his colleagues, Dr. Banerjee ultimately accepted the opportunity, adding that his motivation was “to try and understand the shifting sands in higher education that the U.S. is living through.” He felt that these insights would inform ideas and strategies to help build world-class global institutions in India.

As the first Fulbright Scholar-in-Residence ever hosted by �����ƽ��, Dr. Banerjee’s appointment carries special significance. “It is a matter of great honor for me,” he said.

Advancing �����ƽ��’s Global Educational Initiatives

Dr. Banerjee was sponsored by and affiliated with the Levermore Global Scholars program and the College of Arts and Sciences. During his time here, he helped advance �����ƽ��’s global educational initiatives by collaborating with scholars and engaging with the campus and local community.

Throughout the semester, Dr. Banerjee delivered three different lectures to �����ƽ�� students and faculty.

• Careers at the Edge of Change: Global Stories and Innovation in Emerging Markets provided insight into real-world business challenges, innovations and strategies.
• From Classrooms to Ecosystems: Time for Higher Education to Evolve in the Global Innovation Economy dove into how university education, particularly American higher education, looks to adapt to the rapidly evolving needs of global realities.
• Innovation Ecosystems Unlock Civilizational Potential: The Case of India explored how campuses, startups and cultural narratives transformed entrepreneurship for young Indians and why building impactful organizations is a powerful expression of ambition, purpose sand leadership in contemporary India.

By residing in an on-campus apartment and judging high school students at �����ƽ��’s annual Scholarship and Creative Works Conference, Dr. Banerjee gain firsthand insight into the American student experience.

Sponsored by Students With a Global Mindset: The Levermore Global Scholars

�����ƽ�� students call the Levermore Global Scholars “an unconventional honors program.” And that’s really what it is. Levermore Global Scholars is an innovative academic community dedicated to preparing students to become leaders in a changing world and enhancing their global mindsets. It recognizes the importance of social responsibility and justice, civic participation, community engagement, global awareness and global activism.

Current students in this program are studying a core global studies curriculum alongside 37 different majors, including international studies, business, nursing, political science and biology. In addition to classroom studies, students participate in a variety of cocurricular and experiential learning activities, including cultural excursions to New York City, service projects and activities at the United Nations.

Most Levermore Scholars also participate in study abroad, as well as credit-bearing internships.

A Distinguished Academic Leader From India

Born in Kolkata, in the state of West Bengal, India, Dr. Banerjee has led a distinguished academic career. He earned both a PhD in economics and marketing science and a master’s degree in economics from Purdue University, as well as a BS in economics and mathematics and statistics from St. Xavier’s College in Kolkata. From his 18-year tenure at the prestigious Indian Institute of Management in Ahmedabad to his transformative roles as dean at Ahmedabad and Shiv Nadar universities—where he pioneered industry-academia collaborations—Dr. Banerjee has consistently elevated educational standards. He is currently the head of the Havells School of Management and Leadership at Ashoka University.

India and �����ƽ��: Deep Ties and Collaboration

Although his semester at �����ƽ�� is over, Dr. Banerjee sees significant potential for further collaboration between �����ƽ�� and institutions in India. He highlighted India’s growing importance in global higher education, fueled by a burgeoning student population eager to learn. “India has been the largest source of international students for �����ƽ��,” he observed, indicating that this creates a strong foundation for strategic partnerships. He also noted that �����ƽ��’s prime location in New York, combined with its thoughtfully designed and cost-effective programs, means that Indian student interest will only continue to expand.

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Along with a wide range of e-posters, exhibits and oral presentations from students in the sciences, social sciences and humanities, this year’s Research Day will introduce new events with a particular emphasis on the arts and creative projects, including a 24-Hour Play Festival from theater majors and thesis presentations from art majors.

This year’s conference also offers another exciting first: a keynote address delivered by a Nobel laureate, William G. Kaelin, Jr., MD, the Sidney Farber Professor of Medicine at Harvard Medical School and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, senior physician-scientist at Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute Investigator. Dr. Kaelin received the . He also recently endowed a prize at �����ƽ�� in honor of his mother, who graduated from �����ƽ�� in 1954.

We spoke with Research Day co-chairs Karolina Lempert, PhD, assistant professor in the Gordon F. Derner School of Psychology, and Wei Liu, PhD, associate professor in the College of Nursing and Public Health, to learn more about the exciting new developments to the conference and �����ƽ��’s commitment to showcasing student-led research.

What are some of the new additions to Research Day this year, particularly those focused on the arts?

Dr. Lempert: For the 24-Hour Play Festival, theater students will write, direct and act in 10-minute plays based on abstracts of research that will be presented at the conference. They’ll receive the abstracts the day before the conference and will only have 24 hours to create and rehearse them before performing in the University Center (UC) ballroom from 2:30 p.m. to 4:00 p.m. This will be a different kind of presentation and it definitely involves more of the arts, which has generally been less represented at the conference.

Dr. Liu: Another new addition is the Senior Art Gallery Presentations. David Pierce, assistant professor of art and art history, will have seven students present their graduating theses in the UC art gallery from 1:00 p.m. to 2:00 p.m. While we’ve had students display their art in past conferences, this year, they’re going to be there so they can converse and discuss their work with attendees. We’re also going to have anthropology students from two different culture and society classes display photos from their midterm assignments.

Are these new events the result of an effort to incorporate more creative disciplines in Research Day?

Dr. Liu: �����ƽ�� has always tried to promote interdisciplinary collaboration with the conference, but inevitably there are some departments that have less representation. We’re very lucky to have worked with Laura Mroz [associate director of executive communications], who played a critical role in conducting outreach to other departments.

Dr. Lempert: There’s a norm in the sciences of presenting posters at conferences, while arts students have other ways that they display their work. So I think changing that culture and showcasing arts and humanities may take some time, but this is the start of the effort. This year, we’ll have the biggest representation from those fields so far.

How is �����ƽ�� engaging local high school students as part of the conference?

Dr. Liu: For the first time, we’ll be hosting a for a chance to win a full-tuition scholarship to �����ƽ��. The admissions office, which is sponsoring the competition, is encouraging high school juniors from research classes to submit their abstracts to be presented on conference day. We’ll have judges at the conference who will review their work and select the winner.

How else will the Research Day conference be larger in scope this year?

Dr. Liu: We received approximately 350 abstract submissions—100 more than we usually receive. This marks increased submissions in every single category, including e-posters, oral presentations and computer science exhibits. While we used to host computer science and gaming exhibitions in the charter room on the second floor of the UC, this year, we’ll actually use a bigger space on the first floor to accommodate more participants.

Dr. Lempert: This is also the first year we expanded the event out to the entire UC—not just the second floor—and I think that it will only keep growing.

What are your plans for Research Day going forward?

Dr. Liu: If this year’s conference is a success and we receive positive feedback, we can do even more outreach and incorporate more disciplines next year. We’re also hoping to receive abstracts for new presentation types, such as humanities panel presentations and film presentations.

What do you hope students and attendees take away from Research Day?

Dr. Lempert: I hope the conference empowers students to do research of their own and to engage in their own creative work. I also hope it brings students closer together and helps them see that research is for everyone.

Dr. Liu: I really want students and faculty to take away the message that �����ƽ�� promotes a strong community, and we encourage collaboration and inclusiveness. When we gather post-conference feedback from our presenters, we always hear that they appreciate people outside their own disciplines coming to see their posters or listen to their presentations. It’s just really encouraging, this knowledge-sharing among students and faculty across disciplines.

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But the Nordic voice hasn’t always spoken so loudly on the international stage. In 2003, Katie Laatikainen, PhD, professor and chair of �����ƽ��’s Department of Political Science and International Relations, published “” (Cooperation and Conflict), which examined the disappearance of the “Nordic voice”—the bloc of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden—from the United Nations.

At the time, the European Union’s (EU) progressive policies resonated strongly with Nordic states, who were willing to operate as part of a larger EU coalition. In the intervening years, however, those policies changed. “After they joined the UN in the 1990s, Nordic states felt they could push the EU to be as progressive as they were,” Dr. Laatikainen said. The Nordic bloc also believed the UN would remain a strong supporter of multilateralism, or the practice of multiple entities organizing toward a common goal, which is integral to the Nordic international identity. “But it became clear that wasn’t going to happen.”

The Once-Quiet Nordic Voice Starts to Speak Up

In the mid-2010s, Dr. Laatikainen noticed that the Nordic bloc was beginning to reclaim its voice, issuing collective statements that went farther than EU stances, sometimes alongside the Baltic states of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. Now, she’s back with a new article that builds on a decade of research and observation: “,” written with longtime collaborator Karen Smith, PhD, of the London School of Economics. (In 2020, the two published the book Group Politics in UN Multilateralism, which won the Academic Council on the United Nations System Biennial Book Award.) The article was accepted into the , a showcase for world-class scholarship on the history of Nordic international relations.

Although the Nordic states have continued to release independent statements, “there’s been this emphasis on establishing a Nordic voice as opposed to a national voice as the main dimension of their diplomatic outreach,” Dr. Laatikainen said. While researching the article, she had been shown an internal document among the Nordic states that asked diplomats to emphasize a collective voice. “It was a conscious practice, and we wanted to figure out why.”

Fractures in the EU-Nordic Relationship

As a study on international practice theory once noted, “practices exist, first and foremost, in the eyes of practitioners.” Drs. Laatikainen and Smith spoke to 24 diplomats from the Nordic and Baltic states as well as the EU, Belgium, Luxembourg, and the UK. Their interviews revealed divisions between states and blocs that had formerly engaged in multilateralism.

Historically, Nordic concerns at the UN have centered on human rights, especially women’s, children’s, indigenous, and gender rights. But as several EU states grew more conservative, weakening the EU’s progressive agenda, progressive EU multilateralism fell by the wayside. With their values compromised, Nordic states were no longer content to work only within the EU’s diplomatic coalition.

Solving an Identity Crisis

The Nordic bloc had more in mind than accomplishing policy goals. “People think UN politics are about getting votes,” Dr. Laatikainen said, “but we contend that these diplomatic practices are as much about identity.” She and Dr. Smith drew on the concept of ontological security, or the need to experience the self as a continuous whole, to explain the reappearance of the Nordic voice.

“When we think about national security, we think about military security and arms races,” Dr. Laatikainen said. Ontological security, however, is about social and psychological desire. The safety of Nordic states had not been threatened by rising conservatism within the EU, but their existential position was. “These states were worried. ‘Are we losing who we are?’ We all want to maintain a sense of identity, whether collective or individual, in our relations with others.”

Looking to an Uncertain Future

In today’s unstable geopolitical landscape, certainty is in short supply. States will cling to—or create—practices that reaffirm their values and identities. For smaller states like the Nordics, the UN is a particularly important site of identity-making. The UN charter preserves the sovereign equality and political independence of all member states, “guaranteeing their existence as actors in the international system,” Dr. Laatikainen said.

Most interviews for the article were conducted in 2022. If Dr. Laatikainen spoke to her subjects again today, she believes she’d find “an even stronger attachment to the Nordic voice,” given tensions involving Russia and Denmark/Greenland. EU states are also seeking to disengage from a United States under President Trump’s leadership, eroding once-strong alliances and shifting the balance of power.

A Four-Decade-Long Scholarly Passion

Amid uncertainty in the world order, Dr. Laatikainen is proud to see a clear line in the continuum of her own work. Since going abroad to Denmark as an undergraduate, she has spent decades studying international relations and diplomacy, always harboring a particular interest in the Nordic region. “The return of the Nordic voice” will be one of her final publications before retirement. “This article is very meaningful on different levels,” she said. “It has historical echoes in both my personal and professional life.”

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Resolving child malnutrition requires identifying the most significant contributing factors, which can then be used to develop effective, targeted programs. To take on that challenge, Dr. Antony and his research team created a novel scoring framework, which was published in the article “” in Frontiers in Public Health (October 15, 2025).¹

Bridging the Gap Between Data and Reality

RISE (Relevance-based Integration of Statistics and Expertise) is a scoring system that prioritizes the most important factors driving malnutrition in children ages 0 to 23 months. While earlier frameworks relied solely on machine learning to identify these determinants, RISE integrates real-world data from the Nutrition Rehabilitation Centre at KR District Hospital in Mysore, India.

Machine learning models play a valuable role, but they often prioritize variables that improve prediction performance yet overlook social realities. “You’re not only relying on numbers—you’re also giving importance to real-world clinical experiences and established scientific evidence to interpret the findings,” Dr. Antony said.

RISE combines three layers of analysis to create its scoring system. First, researchers took hospital records from 206 children admitted to the Nutrition Rehabilitation Centre between March 2024 and January 2025 who had been identified with moderate or severe acute malnutrition. Those records included data on 22 variables across three categories: child information, maternal information, and socio-demographic information. Then, researchers ran those variables through four statistical filter methods and a machine learning model.

“Instead of trusting one single method or one computer model, it combines three different ways of checking and identifying to find a balanced answer to the question of what leads to malnutrition,” Dr. Antony said.

What the Framework Found

With the scoring system in place, a clearer picture of what drives child malnutrition began to emerge.

The framework identified child anthropometry—weight, height, and mid-upper arm circumference—as the most influential determinant of child malnutrition. But the second-ranked factor was less expected and had been overlooked by traditional scoring models: the mother’s physical health and social status, including breastfeeding practices, employment, weight, height and even caste. The child’s birth order was the third most influential factor, with more than 56 percent of malnourished children being second-born or later, suggesting that resources become increasingly stretched as the family grows.

This hierarchy of factors highlights a dual burden: the child’s current physical growth status and the mother’s nutritional condition together strongly shape malnutrition outcomes.

From Research to Real-World Impact

The framework highlights that child malnutrition is not caused by a single factor—and that there is no single solution. Moreover, the determinants of child malnutrition depend highly on region: According to Dr. Antony, “in countries like India, there are rural-urban differences—local food practices, sanitation, family structure—these all affect contributing factors.”

By identifying region-specific factors that contribute to child malnutrition, RISE offers decision-makers in government and nongovernmental organizations clear, data-informed direction on where to direct limited resources.

It is also important to consider how those interventions are delivered. “I was in India for another study, and while people in some remote communities didn’t have access to some basic needs such as proper housing or toilets, they had televisions and cellphones,” Dr. Antony said. “So can we use cellphones as a tool and send small messages or small clips to educate people in the community?”

Next Steps to Resolving Child Malnutrition

Now that Dr. Antony and his research team have identified key factors driving childhood malnutrition, they are collaborating with clinicians in Mysore, India, to align the RISE framework with public health programs.

The RISE framework can also be replicated in other parts of the world—provided it’s culturally responsive. “What works in India might not work in another region,” Dr. Antony said. “But can the framework be modified? Absolutely yes.”

Regardless of what form the framework takes, the global issue of child malnutrition demands a solution. While governments and international organizations continue to implement policies and programs, tens of millions of children worldwide continue to suffer from wasting and stunted growth.

“Child malnutrition is something that is preventable—it can be addressed in communities,” Dr. Antony said. “You’re talking about a new generation. This is something happening to children that can be controlled, but we are not doing enough.”

¹ Research team: Arumbuliyur Natarajan Uma, Shruthi Srikantamurthy, Shalini Sankalapura Rangaswamy, Priya Govindarajan and Lalith Rangarajan

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